Scaling is one of blockchain's biggest challenges. Here's how different layers address it.
What is Layer 1?
Layer 1 is the base blockchain: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana. They have their own consensus and security.
L1 Examples
- Bitcoin
- Ethereum
- Solana
- Avalanche
What is Layer 2?
Layer 2 solutions build on top of Layer 1 to increase speed and reduce costs while inheriting L1 security.
L2 Examples
- Arbitrum (Ethereum)
- Optimism (Ethereum)
- Base (Ethereum)
- Lightning Network (Bitcoin)
L2 Technologies
- Optimistic Rollups: Assume valid, prove fraud
- ZK Rollups: Cryptographic validity proofs
- State Channels: Off-chain transactions
Why It Matters
- Lower transaction fees
- Faster confirmation
- Ethereum security inherited